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Mu Family Manor

The Mu Family Manor is located in Gudu Town, 2.5 kilometers north of Xixia County, Shandong Province.

The Mu Family Manor is a large-scale, well-preserved manor belonging to a landlord named Mu Molin. The ancestors of the Mu family moved to Gudu Town in 1723 during the Qing Dynasty (1644-1911) and purchased a vast amount of land where they built a manor. Until 1945 the Mu family occupied over
60,000mu(1mu= 1/15 of a hectare) of arable land and 12,000muof mountain forests. The family had 93 tenants and set up a large number of pawnshops, private banks, groceries, herbal medicine shops and factories in Gudu Town, Xixia County, Yantai and Shanghai.

Covering an area of over 20,000 square meters, the estate contains more than 480 houses and over 30 arched gates. The courtyards all follow the overall arrangement style of aSiheyuan(traditional residential compound with houses around a courtyard) and are typical of the local residential houses in
the Jiaodong area.

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He Garden

The He Garden lies on Xuyingmen Street in Yangzhou City, Jiangsu Province.

The garden can be divided into the eastern and western sections. The main construction in the east is a four-sided hall 15.65 meters wide and 9.50 meters deep. It has a gable and hip roof with single-layered eaves. A rockery was built to the north of the hall, leaning on the wall, and a hexagonal
pavilion was built to the east. The winding stone steps in the west lead to a corridor connecting the halls. Located to the south are five halls with corridors on three sides.

The west garden has vast, open area with a big pond at its center. To the north is a building with unevenly distributed roofs. The middle building is shaped like a huge butterfly — hence its name, Butterfly Hall. A stone bridge was built to the east of the pond connecting the mid-pond pavilion.
To the west of the pond is a group of rockeries stretching southward.

A two-storied building three bays wide was built in the west. It occupies a quiet and secluded corner of the garden.

The layout of He Garden is uniquely designed. Due to the jagged hills and continuous rockeries, the halls and pavilions are located near the pond. Hills, pavilions, water and other elements are integrated in harmony, demonstrating the typical characteristics of a garden in Yangzhou City. The
designer’s originality is also expressed by the garden plants: plum, sweet-scented osmanthus, white pine, peony, red maple, phoenix tree and banana. With such a magnificent design, the garden displays the changes in four seasons and in a day very effectively.

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Chongwu City Wall

The Chongwu City Wall is located on the promontory, 35 km south of Hui’an County in Fujian Province.

With one side facing the land, the city’s other three sides face the sea. A military institute was established in the city in 1079 during the Northern Song Dynasty (960-1127). Its present name, Chongwu, (to emphasize military affairs) came from the early Ming Dynasty (1368-1644). The city walls,
moats and coast defense were built beginning in 1387 in the Ming. Chongwu City is one of the best-preserved coastal stone cities of ancient China.

The city walls were built with layers of granite with a perimeter of 2,456.7 meters. Its base is 5 meters wide and 7 meters high, and the arched gateways are open on all four sides. Semi-circular enclosures were built between the outer and inner city gates on the east, north and west sides, and
each of the east, south and north walls have a beacon tower on it. The height of city walls was increased by more than 1 meter in 1417.

Over 100 years after Chongwu City was built, Japanese pirates failed to invade the country and the coastal area was kept away from intrusions. Renowned General Qi Jiguang, who led the war against Japan, trained his troops there in April 1567. In April 1651, Zheng Chenggong took advantage of the
strategic barrier to resist troops sent by the Qing (1644-1911) regime.

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